AIFF / AIFC Sound File Specifications
The AIFF and the later AIFF-C specifications came from Apple
Computer. This format is used on SGI machines. The latest data
formats from Apple Computer are supported by the QuickTime
player from Apple.
Cellular Automata and Music Using Java
Take computers, mathematics, and the Java Sound API, add in some Java code, and you've got a recipe for creating some uniquely fascinating music. IBM Staff Software Engineer Paul Reiners demonstrates how to implement some basic concepts of algorithmic music composition in the Java language. He presents code examples and resulting MIDI files generated by the Automatous Monk program, which uses the open source jMusic framework to compose music based on mathematical structures called cellular automata.
ESPS Audio File Specifications
Entropic Research Laboratories used a proprietary file format
for its WAVES+ display program, ESPS signal processing library
and the HTK hidden Markov model speech recognition toolkit.
WAVES+ and ESPS were withdrawn when Entropic was acquired by
Microsoft in October 1999. HTK is now being maintained and
distributed free of charge by Cambridge University: HTK Hidden
Markov Model Toolkit -- speech recognition research toolkit.
The current version of HTK accepts a number of file formats
including the Esignal format designated by Entropic to
supercede the ESPS file format.
INRS-Telecom Audio File Specifications
INRS-Telecom files were in use at INRS-Telecom (now INRS-EMT)
and BNR (now Nortel Networks). In the 1970's, a
recording/playback system was put in place, first running on a
Digital PDP-11 machine and later on Digital VAX machines. The
first system used low-level calls for disk access and required
reading/writing of files which were an integral number of
blocks (512 bytes) long. The file header was devised to record
the actual number of samples in the file. This file format was
used for data bases for speech recognition and speech coding.
IRCAM File Specifications
The IRCAM Soundfile format originated from the Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique / Musique in Paris. This format has been subsequently used in a number of programs.
SPPACK File Specifications
SPPACK files were in use at AT&T Bell Laboratories. In addition to sampled data, they can store frequency domain and quefrency domain data. Peter Kroon (now with Agere) maintained a signal processing library and promoted the use of this format.
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